2026 is shaping up to be a blockbuster year for SpaceX. The recently announced merger with xAI values SpaceX’s pre-merger shares at 25% higher than December’s secondary market offering, and the current secondary market activity shows an additional 17.84% premium above the $1.25 trillion merger valuation. In just two months, SpaceX’s valuation has surged by …
Last Updated: Feb, 2026 Choosing a business entity is one of the most important legal decisions an entrepreneur makes when starting a new company. With the numerous advantages, it provides to the entrepreneur, the Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) is gaining favor. A limited liability partnership (LLP) is a type of business entity that combines the …
Investing through the qualified small business stock (QSBS) route allows investors to exclude capital gains of up to $15 million or 10x the investment basis, whichever is greater. These benefits are limited to certain businesses with gross asset values up to $75 million. This makes QSBS attestation particularly important to raise funds as an early-stage …
Modern equity structures evolve quickly. A startup might begin with four founders and end its first year with 30 angel investors, a growing option pool, and several SAFE notes. As the company scales, the cap table becomes a living system that must instantly reflect new grants, vesting schedules, funding rounds, and conversions. Manually performing these …
Last Updated: Feb 2026 There is no quick or easy way to get equity capital for a business. If you’re successful, however, you’ll have the means to see your business through to its full potential. Series A fundraising rounds are very important to a startup’s development and eventual success. The Series A funding rounds follow …
The complexity of 409A valuations increases exponentially as companies gear up for public listings. For companies that must recruit key leadership talent ahead of an IPO, these growing complexities become a significant obstacle. In the run-up to an IPO, material events multiply, valuation inputs evolve, and the spotlight on valuation defensibility intensifies. Getting your 409A …
M&A activity in the United States is regaining momentum. Through the first three quarters of 2025, total global deal value grew 10% compared to 2024, with the Americas experiencing 26% growth. 62% of all acquisition targets were from North America, with US companies acquiring most of them. Such activity suggests an inclination towards cross-border revenue …
In July 2025, Chevron completed its $53 billion acquisition of Hess, marking the end of a nearly two-year journey that began with the initial announcement on October 23, 2023. The timeline for this acquisition got extended because of an arbitration case brought by rivals Exxon Mobil and the China National Offshore Oil Corporation. This goes …
Purchase price allocation (PPA) is the method for allocating the acquisition cost to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with any residual amount recognized as goodwill or a bargain purchase gain. While the underlying objective of PPA is broadly consistent across accounting frameworks, the application can differ meaningfully between US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and …
Public companies pursuing inorganic growth face two major compliance burdens. They must balance ongoing financial reporting obligations under GAAP with the requirement to provide adequate transparency to stakeholders when acquiring private sector companies. As M&A competition intensifies, the need to meet these already onerous requirements with speed and defensibility has grown sharply. Global M&A deal …
As private companies scale from early-stage startups to venture-backed enterprises, their compliance obligations evolve dramatically. What begins as informal updates to angel investors can quickly transform into rigorous reporting requirements that rival those of public companies. Understanding these requirements early helps founders avoid costly mistakes, maintain investor confidence, and position their companies for successful funding …
For two analyses that support completely different purposes, fairness opinions and valuation reports have a lot of common elements. They use the same inputs, such as financial histories, projections, capital structures, and market trends. Even methodologies such as comparable company analysis and the discounted cash flow (DCF) method are common between the two. So, what’s …
Rule 701 allows companies to issue stock-based compensation without triggering the need to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) under the Securities Act of 1933. This is a very important exemption since the US regulatory framework places immense reporting responsibilities on registered companies. As an ESOP administrator, to qualify for Rule 701 benefits, …
New Enterprise Associates (NEA) has maintained its position as a leading investor across multiple sectors, making it one of the world’s famous venture capital firms. Founded in 1977, NEA has built an impressive track record with over 280 portfolio companies reaching IPO and 99 achieving unicorn status. The firm’s portfolio includes leaders like Cloudflare, Coursera, …
As we approach 2026, founders must prepare for critical tax filing deadlines, missing which could trigger penalties. To ensure that businesses with complex structures and sole proprietors have ample time to file tax forms, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has different tax filing deadlines for businesses with different corporate structures. So, C-corporations and sole proprietors …
Priorities spiraling out of alignment is a reality that most business partners don’t anticipate or underestimate. When this occurs, stakeholders may consider buyouts as a solution. This helps preserve business relationships and avoid prolonged legal disputes. However, when buyouts are not feasible or excessive, some may resort to manipulation of ownership. From aggressive stock-based compensation …
Private equity firms may find relief in the fact that global dry powder has steadily declined since 2023, reaching $2.52 trillion by July 1, 2025. While global M&A volumes fell 9% in the first half of 2025 on a year-on-year (YoY) basis, the stabilization of tariffs and trade policies could pave the way for renewed …
Seasoned investors are aware of the importance of the dilution-related insights gained through cap table solutions. However, the benefits of such software to a startup founder are arguably much more significant. Not only does this software enable real-time ownership tracking, but it also simplifies stock option management and tax compliance. It can also catalyze the …
When selling your business, deciding between SDE and EBITDA can significantly impact your valuation. While Main Street deals love Seller’s Discretionary Earnings for its raw, owner-centric truth, Wall Street speaks fluent EBITDA for its clean, scalable story. Choose wrong, and you’ll either confuse sophisticated buyers or undersell to local competitors. Choose right, and you’ll position …
Startups usually raise enough capital to operate for about 24 months. But when that runway ends, investors expect evidence of either product-market fit or rapid scaling to justify the next round. The danger is treating those 24 months as breathing room. Instead, think of the first 3 months as your window to prove scalability. Then, …
